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Dual use is not associated with an increase in total nicotine dependence or exposure. In an email to Filter , Yingst emphasized that her biggest takeaway was that dual use of e-cigarettes to reduce cigarette smoking is not associated with an increase in total nicotine dependence or exposure. The study, funded by the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health and the Center for Tobacco Products at the Food and Drug Administration, followed 520 participants who were interested in limiting their cigarette consumption but did not have any plans to quit entirely

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This group is ten times as likely to agree with the following statements about smoking: Its not as bad for your health as most people think (18% vs 2% of those who agree that smoking is bad for your health) and As long as you have the right genes, its not bad for your health (12% vs 1% of those who agree that smoking is bad for your health).

An excessive amount of mucus is produced, ASM over-contracts, and other physical defences in the airways become overloaded