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from Tobacco reviews

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Like SLT, areca nut has been classified as a Group 1 human carcinogen (IARC, 2004).[] The major constituents of areca nut are carbohydrates, fats, proteins, crude fiber, polyphenols, alkaloids such as arecoline, arecaidine, guvacine, guvacoline,[] and minerals.[] Presence of sodium, magnesium, chlorine, calcium, vanadium, manganese, bromine, and copper has been reported in areca nut, pan masala, and other areca nut-containing chewing products.[] Arecoline, the major alkaloid in areca nut, has been found to stimulate collagen synthesis in fibroblasts;[] whereas, catechin, flavonoid, and tannin compounds in areca nut cross-linked collagen fibers making them less susceptible to collagenase degradation.[] It has also been suggested that copper upregulates lysyl oxidase, leading to excessive cross-linking and accumulation of collagen in patients with oral submucous fibrosis (OSF).[] In a study of seven Indian SLT products, high level of copper were detected in four gutka products as compared to zarda , creamy snuff, and khaini , which do not contain areca nut.[] Jacob et al .,[] demonstrated a definitive dose-dependent relationship between the frequency and duration of chewing areca nut without tobacco and the development of OSF in users

Smoking cigarettes and bidis is known to double the risk of heart attacks